The ear is divided into three main parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Each part has specific structures and functions:
- Outer Ear:
- Pinna (Auricle): The visible part of the ear on the outside of the head. It helps collect and funnel sound waves into the ear canal.
- External Auditory Canal (Ear Canal): A tube-like structure that leads from the pinna to the eardrum. It amplifies sound and directs it towards the middle ear.
- Middle Ear:
- Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane): A thin, flexible membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. It vibrates in response to sound waves.
- Ossicles: Three tiny bones in the middle ear that amplify and transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
- Malleus (Hammer): Attached to the eardrum and connected to the incus.
- Incus (Anvil): Connects the malleus to the stapes.
- Stapes (Stirrup): Transmits vibrations from the incus to the fluid-filled cochlea of the inner ear.
- Eustachian Tube: A tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. It helps equalize air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.
- Inner Ear:
- Cochlea: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals. It contains hair cells that respond to different frequencies of sound.
- Vestibular System: Part of the inner ear that controls balance and spatial orientation. It includes the semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule, which detect head movement and changes in position.
Collectively, these parts work together to capture and process sound waves, transmit auditory information to the brain, and maintain the body’s sense of balance and orientation
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